Super- since the importance of ethical concerns can be expected visors are encouraged to include a discussion about these to be more evident in practical projects closer to reality. This should be all the more natural tion skills. A selection of relevant quality crtieria project. We have thus developed specific support for ethical are shown in Table 2. With only a in a way that have meeting and dead- time both to meet- few exceptions stu- hampered the pro- lines. Advisor have ings and in sending dent s have been on cess.
The advisor not been able to deliverables. Balance Project A well-balanced A balanced collab- A collaboration An imbalanced col- collaboration where oration where both where both students laboration where one both students have students have a have contributed student have con- a good grasp of all grasp of the whole equally to the work tributed more than parts of the work.
Stronger they have focused worked more inde- students name: X on sligthly different pendetly on different parts. Ethical issues Thesis Ethical issues anal- Ethical issues ad- Ethical isssues only Ethical issues not ysed and discussed in dressed in research partly addressed in considered at all.
Over time this master thesis course. As a final element, the thesis report will be complemented with concrete examples of how ethi- rubric contains criteria to evaluate if ethical concerns have cal concerns have been addressed in different, previous thesis been taken into account and properly discussed in the thesis. The above thesis support elements create the awareness The other aspect we cover is ethics of the research work and discussion among stakeholders around professional con- itself.
Even though thesis project does not always strictly duct and ethical issues and help to develop an ability of qualify as research, in practice it is often indistinguishable sound ethical judgment by a student. We are currently eval- from academic research, and thus has clear ethical implica- uating the effectiveness of our approach including the views tions. Furthermore, since the thesis work is learning for of different stakeholders.
Our snippet discusses: the precautionary principle, envi- 9. Furthermore, it curricula is to increase the ability of future professionals to presents examples of specific ethical rights and how they can recognize and address ethical problems, to accept different be assured in practice.
Some examples are: ensuring prior ethical perspectives and allow for ethical pluralism. An overall impression is that the course by the issue of informed consent. Since studying Software participants discovered a very important factor that influ- Engineering methods, tools and processes is common in mas- ences their professional judgments and decision making, the ter thesis projects, ensuring that students have their study engineering ethical aspect.
With all the positive experiences subjects sign an informed consent form is a good way to we have, we are definitely intended to continue giving the ensure the awareness, discussion and practical decisions on courses in the future, convinced in their indispensability for ethical issues. We have thus developed a template informed educating future engineering professionals in general, and es- consent form which outlines the different aspects the stu- pecially Software Engineering professionals, who are among dent should consider and detail, before presenting them to those engineers who are going to meet the largest variety of the subjects see Appendix A.
By requiring that they de- ethical issues of all Computing professionals. Feldt, M. Harris, M. Pritchard, and M. Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases. Wadsworth Publishing, Feldt, and F. Computing curricula Code of Ethics. Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Privacy vs. Security at the Workplace. Thesis , Software [5] Blekinge Institute of Technology. Burkholder, P. Covey, and D. Panel on Software Engineering ethics.
Lecture Notes in [24] IIT. Code of Ethics for Engineering. Computer Science, , Codes of Ethics Online. Bynum and S. Computer Ethics and Professional Responsibility. Johnson and K. A dialogue on Blackwell Publishing, In SAC, [8] M. Thinking like an engineer: The place of a pages —, They will not be able to use the product because more tests are required to determine if the software will not negatively affect the lives of patients when it is already made operational.
Using the rule utilitarian approach the head software engineer will have to choose between two options and it hinders on the stakeholders that will be most affected by the action.
Thus, the software engineer can say that since the bugs are only minor, then there will be no significant problems that may arise in the future. This will negatively affect the position of the investors that anticipated the launching of the product. On the other hand if the clients outnumber the investors then the software engineer will not release the product knowing that more people will be affected in case of major problems that will arise.
Using the act utilitarianism will force the software engineer to halt the launching of the software because he will come to realize that more people will be upset if indeed the software proves to be problematic.
This means that the investors and the people working in the software company are less in number when compared to the clients that will be potentially affected using the said device and software. According to the Association of Computing Machinery Code of Ethics , there are so many things that has to be considered with regards to this issue. This means that the company must consider the quality of their product before they release it to the market.
The ACM Code also says that the company must avoid harm to others. The said software was not yet properly tested and therefore using the ACM Code, the company must not release the product yet.
The ACM Code also stated that the company must be honest and trustworthy. The head software-engineer must tell the clients that expected delivery date is impossible because further tests are needed. Finally the ACM Code says that there is a need to strive to achieve the highest quality, effectiveness, and dignity in both the process and products ACM, par.
In this report, Allen Householder describes an algorithm for reverting bits from a fuzzed file to those found in the original seed file to recreate the crash. When warfighting missions are conducted in a dynamic environment, the allocation of resources needed for mission operation can change from moment to moment. This report addresses two challenges of resource allocation in dynamic environments: overstatement of resource needs and unpredictable network availability.
In this report, the authors describe the Competency Lifecycle Roadmap CLR , a preliminary roadmap for understanding and building workforce readiness. In this report, the authors describe three factors for helping or hindering the cooperation of incident responders.
In this report, the authors present a framework for thinking about confidence in assurance case arguments. In this report, the authors describe an algorithm for automating the selection of seed files and other parameters used in black-box fuzz testing. This report describes the line-funded exploratory new starts LENS projects that were undertaken during fiscal year For each project, the report presents a brief description and a recounting of the research that was done, as well as a synopsis of the results of the project.
In this report, the authors provide a step-by-step guide for profiling and discovering public-facing assets on a network using netflow data. In this paper, the authors explain how cloud computing related insider threats are a serious concern, but that this threat has not been thoroughly explored.
In this report, the authors describe insights and risk indicators of malicious insider activity in the banking and finance sector. In this report, the authors provide guidance for helping DoD acquisition programs address software security in acquisitions. This report uses a preliminary system dynamics model to analyze a specific adverse acquisition dynamic concerning the poorly controlled evolution of small prototype efforts into full-scale systems. In this paper, the authors discuss the effects of the changing operational environment on the development of secure systems.
In this paper, Samuel Redwine introduces security concepts and tools useful for modeling security properties. In this paper, the authors provide a bibliography of sources related to security. This report presents the Virtual Upgrade Validation VUV method, an approach that uses architecture-centric, model-based analysis to identify system-level problems early in the upgrade process to complement established test qualification techniques.
In this report, the authors present techniques for helping organizations plan, prepare, and implement means to mitigate insider theft of intellectual property. In this paper, the authors describe an approach for deriving measures of software security from well-established and commonly used standard practices.
In this report, David Fisher provides substance and explicit meaning to the terms trust and trustworthy as they relate to automated systems. In this paper, the authors describe an approach for deriving measures of software security from common standard practices for information security. In this report, the authors present the concepts of a risk-based approach to software security measurement and analysis and describe the IMAF and MRD. In this report, the authors describe the Mission Risk Diagnostic MRD method, which is used to assess risk in systems across the lifecycle and supply chain.
This report contains a collection of presentations given at FloCon in January In this paper, Jonathan Spring models internet competition on large, decentralized networks using a modification of Lanchester's equations for combat.
In this paper, the authors demonstrate that there are name servers that exhibit IP address flux, a behavior that falls outside the prescribed parameters. In this paper, Rich Caralli discusses how using maturity models and characterizing security posture are activities with different intents, outcomes, and uses. In this paper, the authors describe preliminary results of a study of how effective nine autonomous incident response organizations are.
This report describes some of the challenges of software versioning in an SOA environment and provides guidance on how to meet these challenges by following industry guidelines and recommended practices. This report describes a proposed model through which to understand interoperability in the e-government context. In this report, Christopher King provides a snapshot of who malicious insiders are, what and how they strike, and why.
The information in this report is intended to help program managers reason about actions they may need to take to adapt and comply with the Section NDAA for and associated guidance. In this report, the authors describe work to develop standards for automated remediation of vulnerabilities and compliance issues on DoD networked systems. In this report, the authors describe how implementation-level processes can provide context for identifying and defining measures of operational resilience.
The method of quantifying uncertainty described in this report synthesizes scenario building, Bayesian Belief Network BBN modeling and Monte Carlo simulation into an estimation method that quantifies uncertainties, allows subjective inputs, visually depicts influential relationships among program change drivers and outputs, and assists with the explicit description and documentation underlying an estimate.
This research demonstrated the effectiveness of various statistical techniques for discovering quantitative data anomalies. This technical note addresses some of the key issues that either must be understood to ease the adoption of Agile or are seen as potential barriers to adoption of Agile in the DoD acquisition context. This technical note focuses on software acquisition and development practices related to the evaluation of products before, during, and after implementation.
In this report, the authors explain how CERT-RMM process areas, industry standards, and codes of practice are used by organizations in an operational setting. In this report, the authors present an insider threat pattern on how organizations can combat insider theft of intellectual property.
This document shows a matrix related to Smart Grid Maturity Model levels. This report summarizes the proceedings from the MESOA workshop and includes the accepted papers that were the basis for the presentations given during the workshop. In this report, the authors focus on community college courses for software assurance.
This guidebook helps acquisition organizations formulate questions for their suppliers related to CMMI. It also helps organizations interpret responses to identify and evaluate risks for a given supplier. The Smart Grid Maturity Model SGMM is business tool that provides a framework for electric power utilities to help modernize their operations and practices for delivering electricity. In this paper, the authors describe the risks of being victims of theft, including becoming involved unknowingly in illegal activities over a networked device.
A short white paper that provides guidance on selecting the best CMMI model for process improvement. This report presents guidelines for architecting service-oriented systems and the effect of architectural principles on system quality attributes. In this report, the authors describe work to develop standards for vulnerability and compliance remediation on DoD networked systems. This report describes standard noncommercial software licensing alternatives as defined by U.
Government and DoD regulations. It suggests an approach for identifying agency needs for license rights and the license type for various systems. In this report, the Resilient Enterprise Management REM team suggests a set of top ten strategic measures for managing operational resilience. In this paper, the authors describe the development of a secure coding module that shows how to capture content, ensure learning, and scale to meet demand.
In this paper, Jonathan Spring presents a set of recommended restrictions and audits to facilitate cloud security. In this report, the authors describe general observations about and a preliminary system dynamics model of insider crime based on our empirical data.
In this paper, the authors discuss confidence in system and SoS behavior and how theories can be used to make the assurance process more effective. This paper describes an analysis of some of the challenges facing one portion of the Electrical Smart Grid in the United States - residential Demand Response DR systems. In this paper, the authors describe a pattern in the amount of time it takes for that domain to be actively resolved on the Internet.
The goal of SEI research is to create best practices for architecture and design of systems that take advantage of the cloud, leading to greater system quality from both a consumer and provider perspective.
In this paper, the authors describe a Security Information and Event Management signature for detecting possible malicious insider activity. SEI research will enable the Navy to to develop service-oriented systems that address information dominance priority requirements. In this report, an update to its counterpart, the authors provide insight that interested organizations and governments can use to develop a national incident management capability.
Acquisition practices for the project level that help you get started with CMMI for Acquisition practices without using the whole model.
In this report, the authors provide sample syllabi for the nine core courses in the Master of Software Assurance Reference Curriculum. Learn how to deliver software-reliant products faster and explore ways to use software architecture more effectively.
Learn how to look into the initial steps suggested for delivering software-reliant products faster. This report explores the interdependencies among common language, business goals, and soft-ware architecture as the basis for a common framework for conducting evaluations of software technical solutions.
In this report, the authors provide an overview of techniques used by malicious insiders to steal intellectual property. This report describes results of independent research and development IRAD projects undertaken in fiscal year In this report, Matthew Heckathorn models the approach an attacker would take and provides detection or prevention methods to counter that approach.
In this report, the authors present research to compute the behavior of software with mathematical precision and how this research has been implemented. These papers were presented at FloCon , where participants discussed dark space, web servers, spam, and the susceptibility of DNS servers to cache poisoning. In this report, Michael Hanley demonstrates how a method for modeling insider crimes can create candidate technical controls and indicators.
This report describes the AIM which helps an organization to implement high-performance, high-quality CMMI practices much more quickly than industry norms. In this report, the authors consider current practices in software supply chain analysis and suggest some foundational practices. In this report, the authors present a taxonomy of operational cyber security risks and its harmonization with other risk and security activities.
The network infrastructure for users such as emergency responders or warfighters is wireless, ad hoc, mobile, and lacking in sufficient bandwidth. This report documents the results from 18 experiments to investigate Adaptive Quality of Service, an approach to enable applications to fulfill their missions despite tactical network infrastructure limitations.
ACE methods and the TSP provides an iterative approach for delivering high quality systems on time and within budget. This report synthesizes presentations, discussions, and outcomes from the "Beyond Technology Readiness Levels for Software" workshop from August This report describes a model commonly used for developing and maintaining a competent cybersecurity workforce, explains some operational limitations associated with that model, and presents a new approach to cybersecurity workforce development.
This report summarizes a workshop on the analysis and evaluation of enterprise architectures that was held at the SEI in April of This paper presents the results of a series of experiments targeted at analyzing the performance impact of adding WS-Security, a common security standard used in IdM frameworks, to SOAP-based web services. Best practices in the model focus on activities for initiating and managing the acquisition of products and services to meet the needs of customers and end users.
This report explores the value of enhancing typical strategic planning techniques with the CSF method and scenario planning.
This paper outlines a research agenda in bridging to the economic theory of mechanism design, which seeks to align incentives in multi-agent systems with private information and conflicting goals. This paper seeks to help organizations understand cloud computing essentials, including drivers for and barriers to adoption, in support of making decisions about adopting the approach.
The goal of the paper is to establish a baseline of terms for service-oriented systems. The purpose of this report is to examine a set of claims about cloud computing adoption.
The purpose of this report is to present an informal survey of technologies that are, or are likely to become, important for software-reliant systems of systems in response to current computing trends. In this report, the authors address how to measure software security in complex environments using the Integrated Measurement and Analysis Framework IMAF. In this report, the authors discuss how security requirements engineering can incorporate reusable requirements. In this report, the authors begin a dialogue and establish a foundation for measuring and analyzing operational resilience.
This report documents ideas and recommendations for improving the overall acquisition process and presents the actions taken by project managers in several programs to develop, staff, and obtain approval for their systems. This report describes key elements in systems thinking, provides an introduction to general systems archetypes, and applies these concepts to the software acquisition domain. This report presents the Building Assured Systems Framework BASF that addresses the customer and researcher challenges of selecting security methods and research approaches for building assured systems.
A set of measures was determined that allow analyses This report discusses the application of a set of measures to a data set of 41 TSP projects from an organization to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
Some basics of software product line practice, the challenges that make product line acquisition unique, and three basic acquisition strategies are all part of this white paper. In this paper, the authors describe issues encountered in designing and implementing YAF. In this paper, Rhiannon Weaver describes a population study of malware files under the CTLC framework and presents a simulation study as well as future work.
In this report, the authors present a master of software assurance curriculum that educational institutions can use to create a degree program or track. In this report, the authors specify 1 a framework that documents best practice for risk management and 2 an approach for evaluating a program's risk management practice in relation to the framework.
In this report, the authors describe seven courses for an undergraduate curriculum specialization for software assurance. In this report, the authors describe the SEI Assurance Modeling Framework, piloting to prove its value, and insights gained from that piloting. In this report, the authors present COVERT, an automated framework for finding buffer overflows in C programs using software verification tools and techniques.
In this paper, Nancy Mead how a systematic approach to security requirements engineering helps to avoid problems. In this report, the authors explore how the SQUARE process can be adapted for privacy requirements engineering in software development. This report describes a series of ongoing research efforts that investigate the role of interdependence in the acquisition of major defense acquisition programs.
In this paper, Phil Groce describes the Rayon visualization toolkit, developed to augment network analytic information and improve analytic operations. In this paper, Ed Stoner describes techniques for detecting certain types of malicious traffic. In this report, the authors provide insight that interested organizations and governments can use to develop a national incident management capability.
In this report, the authors describe the Survivability Analysis Framework, which is used to evaluate critical operational capabilities. This report synthesizes presentations and discussions from a workshop to discuss product line practices and operational accomplishments. This report describes results from two recent surveys conducted by the Software Engineering Institute SEI to collect information about the measurement and analysis activities of software systems development organizations.
This paper explains a formal overload-resilience metric called ductility. In this paper, Grady Campbell - delivered at the 7th Acquisition Research Symposium - argues that a new approach to acquisition is needed that recognizes that hiding uncertainty is detrimental to success.
This paper describes the characteristics of edge systems and the edge organizations in which these systems operate, and make initial recommendations about how such systems and organizations can be created to serve the needs of users at the edge. This report highlights the mutual benefits of combining systematic reuse approaches from product line development with flexible approaches for implementing business processes in a service oriented architecture.
In this report, the authors identify software supply chain security risks and specify evidence to gather to determine if these risks have been mitigated. The purpose of this report is to facilitate better elicitation of high-pedigree quality attribute requirements. Toward this end, we want to be able to elicit business goals reliably and understand how those business goals influence quality attribute requirements and architectures. This report describes how AADL support an instantiation of a reference architecture, address architectural themes, and provide a foundation for the analysis of performance elements and system assurance concerns.
In this report, Rhiannon Weaver describes a method for identifying network behavior that may be a sign of coming internet-wide attacks. In this report, the authors describe a managed string library for the C programming language. This report explores the questions: Can Agile be used in the DoD environment? If so, how? In this report, the authors present the as-if infinitely ranged AIR integer model, a mechanism for eliminating integral exceptional conditions. This report examines how data rights issues were addressed in the TSAT program.
It also reviews concerns posed by the use of commercial software in the TSAT program's Space Segment, and data rights concerns for software incorporated in the GPS program.
This report focuses on both qualitative and quantitative ways of determining the current state of SWP software performance in terms of both test coverage and confidence for SOA-based SoS environments. This paper, extracted from the CERT Research Report, describes planned research tasks in the field of software security.
This paper, extracted from the CERT Research Report, describes planned research tasks in the field of cyber assurance. In this paper, the authors discuss how system engineers are uncertain about how to determine the impact of software on overall system. This report describes the agenda of an SEI-led group that was formed to explore the business, engineering, and operations aspects of service-oriented architecture.
This report makes 65 recommendations for improving testing in service-oriented environments. It covers testing functionality and testing for interoperability, security, performance, and reliability qualities.
In this report, Carol Sledge identifies challenges and successful approaches to achieving system of systems SoS interoperability.
In this paper, Vincenzo Iozzo describes how to effectively fuzz with no knowledge of the user-input and the binary. In this paper, Rhiannon Weaver estimates the number of active machines per hour infected with the Conficker-C worm using a probability model. In this paper, the authors present the as-if infinitely ranged AIR integer model, which provides a mechanism for eliminating integral exceptional conditions.
In this report, the authors focus on cases in which the insider was employed by a trusted business partner of the victim organization. This technical note identifies and describes the characteristics that have been used in various definitions of the term system of systems. When problems are detected in programs, everyone needs to listen and work together towards a solution. Shooting the messenger only delays the process, and hurts program morale.
In this paper, Peter Feiler describes the AADL, an industry standard for modeling and analyzing the architecture of software-reliant systems. This report summarizes the results from the second and third high maturity measurement and analysis workshops. The report examines the application of the life-cycle architecture milestone to the software and computing elements of the former Future Combat Systems program.
In this paper, the authors propose the use of secure coding standards in the development of software for surface combatants and submarines. This plan is a government-provided customizable document that is part of the acquisition's government reference library. This technical note proposes a structured approach for reviewing architecture documentation that is centered on the documentation's stakeholders and engages them in a guided manner so as to ensure that the documentation will be ultimately useful to them.
This report presents the criteria used during a MAID evaluation that serve as a checklist to rate the quality of an organization's measurement and analysis practices and the quality of the measurement information that results from the implementation of those practices. This white paper explores the idea that subway maps provide a good, common example of architecture documentation and that they might be instructive about good software architecture documentation.
This white paper describes SEI investigation into ways to provide justified confidence that a system of systems will behave as needed in its actual and evolving usage environments.
This paper provides a framework for evaluating a system from several perspectives for a comprehensive picture of progress and quality. This report describes the fundamental concepts of process performance models PPMs and describes how they can be created using data generated by projects following the TSP. This report introduces key concepts of the SAVI paradigm and discusses the series of development scenarios used in a POC demonstration to illustrate the feasibility of improving the quality of software-intensive aircraft systems.
The software community has been slow to use data to measure software quality. This paper discusses the reasons for this problem and describes a way to use process measurements to assess product quality. When time and budget are tight, it's tempting to follow the "happy path" in testing.
But be careful: it may be a path that brings your program great unhappiness. This April whitepaper focuses on the problems of underspending, which can result in funds being shifted from one acquisition program to another. This report examines the reasons why some programs fail and studies the factors that lead to program success. This special report provides a bibliography of books, articles, and other literature concerning the PSP and TSP methodologies.
In this report, the authors explore how to enable manufacturers and federal regulators gain confidence in software-dominated medical devices. This report describes the data model as an architectural style in an effort to help architects apply this style to create data model architectural views.
In this report, the authors describe a set of general solutions to software security problems that can be applied in many different situations. This paper summarizes the comparison performed between the CMMI and the regulations and standards that drive software intensive medical device product development. This report contains a series of observations and their associated lessons learned from a large, multi-segment, software-intensive system.
This guidebook defines the structure and format of the mentor and provisional coach relationship, and explains the process steps and evaluation criteria for becoming an SEI-Certified TSP Coach or Mentor Coach. The Personal Software Process PSP body of knowledge BOK provides guidance to software professionals who are interested in using proven-effective, disciplined methods to improve their personal software development process.
This report describes a technique for formulating the production strategy of a production system. Tactics are fundamental elements of software architecture that an architect employs to meet a system's quality requirements.
This report describes an updated set of tactics that enable the architect to build availability into a system. In this paper, the authors describe general observations about, and a preliminary system dynamics model of, insider crime based on our empirical data. One of the most intractable problems in software is getting engineers to consistently use effective methods. The Software Engineering Institute has worked on this problem for a number of years and has developed effective methods for addressing it.
In this paper, the authors describe the purpose of Communications: to develop, deploy, and manage communications to support resiliency activities and processes. This technical note provides guidance on how to contractually incorporate architecture evaluations in an acquisition. The judgment made by an engineer about what risks are acceptable is to a high degree an ethical one. Because of the key impact computing has on our lives that it is important to integrate computing technologies and the human and social values together.
The technology should be developed in such a way that it can protect human and social values as well as helping to solve problems and to make the complicated work much easier. But, how can Software Engineers do both protecting and advancing the technology at the same time? In accordance with their commitment to the health, safety, and welfare of the public they should also agree to follow the 8 principles i.
Having a code of ethics allows an engineer to argue not just as an ordinary moral agent, but in the first place as a professional. Second, it can help create an environment in which ethical behavior is the norm. Third, it can serve as a guide or reminder in specific situations.
Fourth, the process of developing and modifying a code of ethics can be valuable for a profession. Fifth, a code can serve as an educational tool, providing a focal point for discussion in classes and professional meetings. Normally a software is developed to use worldwide and not in a single country. So, the way of considering a situation as ethical or unethical must be based on the same formula.
To ensure, as much as possible, that their efforts will be used for good, Software Engineers must commit themselves to make Software Engineering a beneficial and respected profession. He could either develop a software with weak points where he himself or some other person could go and find the customer details and use it for a bad cause or else he could develop a software without any weak points and make sure that no details will be leaked.
After developing the software, Software Engineers could seek help from ethical hackers to make sure that the software does not contain any weak points. Software creators should clear this blurry line by giving clear messages to their users.
Badware is dominant. To make the matter worse, most of the internet users are not aware of Badware and what it does to their computer operations and the speed of responding. Simply, internet users do not know how it could be infecting their computers. Badware has access to the personal information in our computers and can take information without us being informed.
So, Software Engineers should ensure that they do not create or facilitate the creation and deployment of Badware.
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